Language Politeness in the Javanese Verb Speech Level
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v15i1.7109Keywords:
language politeness, Javanese verbs, speech levelAbstract
The research aimed to observe the use of Javanese verb forms using a sociolinguistic approach. The object of the research was the selection of Javanese verb forms used by speakers in the Magelang region. The informants were children, adolescents, and adults, both male and female. The informants were 50 Javanese speakers. Data were obtained by the technique of listening, recording, and taking notes. The problem was studied using speech component theory and language politeness norms. The research applied a qualitative descriptive method. The result indicates that some children and the younger generation are less able to choose the correct form of verbs related to the level of speech, for example, the words ‘siram’ (bath), ‘tindak’ (go), and ‘mireng’ (hear). These three words should refer to people with whom to speak and be respected, not to describe oneself. Using an inaccurate form of the verbs can lead to an assumption that the speaker is impolite. Based on the findings of the research, it is hoped that there will be efforts, both in the domain of families, schools, stakeholders, and policymakers, to provide better education to speakers, especially children, and the younger generation. With better education, it is hoped that the younger generation will be able to understand well the proper use of verbs. Incorrect use of the verb form can indicate the impoliteness of the speaker.
Plum Analytics
References
Andriyanti, E. (2019). Language shift among Javanese youth and their perception of local and national identities. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 19(3), 109-125. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1903-07.
Cahyadi, R. (2018). Pembelajaran bahasa Jawa dalam membentuk kesantunan berbahasa di MI Muhammadiyah Arenan kecamatan Kaligondang kabupaten Purbalingga. Thesis. Purwokerto: Institut Agama Islam Negeri Purwokerto. Retrieved from http://repository.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/id/eprint/4277.
Chafidhi, U., Rais, W. A., & Dwi, P. (2019). Verbal and non-verbal expression in Javanese language of the coastal community in Banjar Kemuning village, Sidoarjo. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(6), 185-194. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i6.1199.
Hymes, D. (1974). Foundation in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia: University of Pensylvania Press.
Kholik, K., Ridwan, M., & Hadi, S. (2019). Java language in the Madurese cross culture. ISLLAC: Journal of Intensive Studies on Language, Literature, Art, and Culture, 3(2), 190-200.
Klok, J. V. (2019). The Javanese language at risk? Perspectives from an East Java village. Language Documentation & Conservation, 13, 300-345.
Krauße, D. (2018). Polite vocabulary in the Javanese language of Surabaya. Wacana, 19(1), 58-99. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v19i1.615.
Nuryantiningsih, F., & Pandanwangi, W. D. (2018). Politeness and impoliteness in Javanese speech levels. Proceedings of the Fourth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (Prasasti 2018). Solo, Indonesia. pp. 383-387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-18.2018.70.
Poedjosoedarmo, S. (1968). Javanese speech level. Indonesia Journal, 6, 54-81.
Poedjosoedarmo, S. (2017). Language propriety in Javanese. Journal of Language and Literature, 17(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v17i1.579.
Pohan, F. R. (2020). Javanese language attitude towards speech levels of vernacular in district of Bandar Selamat Medan. Musamus Journal of Language and Literature, 2(2), 56-70. https://doi.org/10.35724/mujolali.v%vi%i.2647.
Pranowo, P. (2015). Unsur intralingual dan ekstralingual sebagai penanda daya bahasa dan nilai rasa bahasa dalam kesantunan berkomunikasi. Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 14(2), 191-225. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2015.14202.
Pranowo, P. (2019). Javanese perspective of nonverbal language: An ethnopragmatic study. Lingua Cultura, 13(4), 305-311. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i4.6015.
Rahmi, F. U. H. (2018). Kekuasaan, kesantunan, dan solidaritas dalam unggah-ungguh di kalangan santri oleh Ikantan Alumni Futuhiyyah Mranggen Demak. Thaqafiyyat, 19(2), 112-130.
Romelah. (2016). Kekacauan tingkat tutur bahasa Jawa di lingkungan kabupaten Kebumen Jawa Tengah. Lingua, 13(2), 265-276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v13i2.181.
Saddiyah, C., & Rokhman, F. (2018). Diglossia of Javanese-Indonesia in senior high school educational domain: Sociolinguistics study in Tegal regency. Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/seloka.v7i1.22621.
Saputri, R. O., Sariono, A., & Rochiyati, E. (2018). Penggunaan tingkat tutur bahasa Jawa oleh masyarakat etnik Madura di desa Nogosari kecamatan Rambipuji kabupaten Jember. Publikasi Budaya, 6(2), 159-164. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19184/pb.v6i2.8716.
Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan aneka teknik analisis bahasa: Pengantar penelitian wahana kebudayaan secara linguistis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press.
Sugianto, R., & Salehuddin, L. A. R. (2019). The implication of politeness and speech styles in code switching of youth Javanese. Solid ASM Mataram, 9(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35200/solid.v9i1.167.
Sujono, S., Padmaningsih, D., & Supardjo, S. (2019). A study of Javanese krama speech to the young generation of Java in Surakarta city (Sociolinguistic studies). Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Recent Language, Literature, and Local Culture Studies. Surakarta, Indonesia. pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2019.2296899.
Trahutami, S. I. (2016). Pemilihan tingkat tutur bahasa Jawa pada masyarakat desa Klapaduwur Blora. Jurnal "Culture", 3(1), 92-114.
Wahyuningsih, S. (2019). Javanese language shift, gender and modernity: A case study at IAIN Kudus. ELT Lectura, 6(2), 158-169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31849/elt-lectura.v6i2.3097.
Winarti, O. (2018). Language shift of krama to bahasa Indonesia among Javanese youths and its relation to parents’ social class. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 2(3), 290-300. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v2i3.186.
Zulfikar., Aziz, Z. A., & Muthalib, K. A. (2020). Language shift by the Javanese in Pulo Loih village, Pidie. English Education Journal (EEJ), 11(2), 215-230.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Dwi Atmawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License - Share Alike that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
USER RIGHTS
All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC BY-SA)