Writing Anxiety among Indonesian EFL College Students: Levels, Causes, and Coping Strategies

Authors

  • Delvi Wahyuni Delvi Wahyuni Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Witri Oktavia Witri Oktavia Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Leni Marlina Leni Marlina Universitas Negeri Padang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i1.5239

Keywords:

writing anxiety, level of writing anxiety, causes of writing anxiety, coping strategies for writing anxiety

Abstract

This research aimed at investigating foreign language writing anxiety experienced by Indonesian EFL learners studying at Universitas Negeri Padang. The numbers of participants involved in this survey were 132 students comprising of sophomores, junior, and senior students. This research employed three research instruments: Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) to collect data on students’ levels of writing anxiety; Causes of Writing Anxiety Inventory (CWAI) to gauge information about sources of students’ writing anxiety; typologies of tactics to cope with writing anxiety. The result of this research reveals that the level of students’ writing anxiety is moderate. In addition, no significant relationship between students’ writing anxiety level and their academic level is revealed suggesting moderately anxious students outnumbering those with high and low writing anxiety at any academic level. In addition, the sources of students’ writing anxiety are problems with topic choice, linguistic difficulties, and lack of writing practice. The coping strategies used by students to overcome writing anxiety are preparation, positive thinking, relaxation, peer-seeking, and resignation (most-frequent to least frequent respectively). 

Dimensions

Plum Analytics

References

Abdullah, M. Y., Hussin, S., & Shakir, M. (2018). The effect of peers’ and teacher’s e-feedback on writing anxiety level through CMC applications. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 13(11), 196–208. doi: 10.3991/ijet.v13i11.8448.

Al-shboul, Y., & Huwari, I. F. (2015). The causes of writing apprehension through students’ perspective. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6(3), 535–544. doi: 10.17507/jltr.0603.08.

Ali, M., Kassem, M., & Kharja, A. (2017). Developing business writing skills and reducing writing anxiety of EFL learners through Wikis. English Language Teaching, 10(3), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n3p151.

Ariyanti, A. (2017). Foreign language anxiety in academic writing. Dinamika Ilmu, 17(1), 143-152. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.21093/di.v17i1.815.

Cahyono, B. Y., Amelia, R., & Mutiaraningrum, I. (2016). Apprehension, topic variety, and proficiency in writing of Indonesian EFL students. Studies in English Language Teaching, 4(3), 314-329.

Cheng, Y. S., Horwitz, E. K., & Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49(3), 417-446. doi: 10.1111/0023-8333.00095.

Cheng, Y. S. (2002). Factors associated with foreign language writing anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 35(6), 647-656. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2002.tb01903.x.

Cheng, Y. S. (2004a). EFL students’ writing anxiety: Sources and implications. English Teaching and Learning, 29(2), 41-62.

Cheng, Y. S. (2004b). A measure of second language writing anxiety: Scale development and preliminary validation. Journal of Second Language Writing, 13, 313-335. doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2004.07.001.

Dacwang, C. W. (2014). L2 writing anxiety of the students of the maritime academy of Asia and the Pacific. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 7(3), 469–483.

Daly, J. A., & Miller, M. D. (1975). The empirical development of an instrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.2307/40170632.

Daly, J. A. (1979). Writing apprehension in the classroom: Teacher role expectancies of the apprehensive writer. Research in the Teaching of English, 13(1), 37-44.

Erkan, D. Y., & Saban, A. İ. (2011). Writing performance relative to writing apprehension, self-efficacy in writing, and attitudes towards writing: A correlational study in Turkish tertiary-level EFL. Asian EFL journal, 13(1), 164-192.

Gkonou, C. (2011). Anxiety over EFL speaking and writing: A view from language classrooms. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 267–281.

Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M., & Cope, J. A. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x.

Iftanti, E. (2012). A survey of the English reading habits of EFL students in Indonesia. Teflin Journal 23(2),149–164. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v23i2/149-164.

Iksan, H., & Halim, H. A. (2018). The effect of e-feedback via Wikis on ESL students’ L2 writing anxiety level. Malaysian Online Journal Of Educational Sciences, 6(3), 30–48.

Jebreil, N., Azizifar, A., & Gowhary, H. (2015). Investigating the effect of anxiety of male and female Iranian EFL learners on their writing performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.360.

Jiang, D. (2016). An empirical study on alleviating career English writing anxiety through cooperative learning in a Chinese Polytechnic Institute. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(1), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n1p173.

Kondo, D. S., & Ying-Ling, Y. (2004). Strategies for coping with language anxiety: The case of students of English in Japan. ELT Journal, 58(3), 258-265.

Kusumaningputri, R., Ningsih, T. A., & Wisasongko. (2018). Second langauge writing anxiety of Indonesian EFL students. Lingua Cultura, 12(4), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v12i4.4268.

Latif, M. M. A. (2012). What do we mean by writing fluency and how can it be validly measured? Applied Linguistics, 34(1), 99-105. doi:10.1093/applin/ams073.

Latif, M. M. A. (2015). Sources of L2 writing apprehension: A study of Egyptian university students. Journal of Research in Reading, 38(2), 194-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2012.01549.x.

Lee, J., & Schallert, D. L. (2016). Exploring the reading–writing connection: A yearlong classroom based experimental study of middle school students developing literacy in a new language. Reading Research Quarterly, 51(2), 143-164. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.132.

Miller, B., McCardle, P., & Long, R. (2012). The Reading-Writing Connection. Newark: International Reading Association.

Nunan, D., & Bailey, K. M. (2009). Exploring second language classroom research: A comprehensive guide. Boston: Heinle, Cengage Learning.

Nuranifar, Y. (2014). Strategies to cope with second language learning Anxiety: The case of Iranian pre–university students. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 3(S1), 1493–1502.

Pazhakh, A. (2007). An investigation on Iranian EFL learner’ application of avoidance strategies in their writings. Iranian Journal of Language Studies, 1(1),1-14.

Pimsarn, P. (2013). EFL students ’ writing apprehension. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 6(4), 99–109.

Qashoa, S. H. H. (2014). English writing anxiety: Alleviating strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.288.

Rezai, M., & Jafari, M. (2014). Investigating the levels, types, and causes of writing anxiety among iranian EFL students: A mixed method design. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1545–1554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.577.

Shang, H. F. (2013). Factors associated with English as a foreign language university students writing anxiety. International Journal of English Language Teaching, 1(1),1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2015.1094827.

Shukri, N. A. (2014). Second language writing and culture: Issues and challenges from the Saudi learners’ perspective. Arab World English Journal, 5(3), 190–207.

Sundari, H., & Febriyanti, R. H. (2017). Writing apprehension in the writing class: Indonesian EFL learners context. Dieksis, 9(1), 34–42. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v9i01.863.

Tran, L. T. (2007). Learners’ motivation and identity in the Vietnamese EFL writing classroom. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 6(1), 151-163.

Wahyuni, S., & Umam, M. K. (2017). An analysis on writing anxiety of Indonesian EFL college learners. Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies, 4(1), 103–126.

Zeidner, M. (1998). Test anxiety: The state of the art. New York: Plenum Press.

Zhang, H. (2011). A study on ESL writing anxiety among Chinese English majors - causes, effects, and coping strategies for ESL writing anxiety. Kristianstad: Kristianstad University.

Zoghipour, E., & Nikou, F. R. (2016). The impact of explicit instruction of lexico-grammatical devices on EFL learners. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (MJLTM), 6(1), 677-690.

Downloads

Published

2019-04-15
Abstract 3634  .
PDF downloaded 1856  .