Japanese Compounds with the Lexeme “Mouth”: Word Formation and Meanings
Keywords:
linguistics, morphology, semantics, compound, JapaneseAbstract
In Japanese, the lexeme ‘mouth’ can be written using kanji 口 read as ‘kuchi’. It is a commonly used character including idiomatic expressions and compound words. Although ‘kuchi’ means ‘mouth’ and functions as a noun, it can change into different forms and meanings. Therefore, this study analyzes the forms and meanings of Japanese compound words formed by the lexeme ‘mouth’. The data was collected from Japanese newspaper articles from Asahi Shinbun in sentences using various compounds with the lexeme ‘mouth’ through observation and note-taking techniques. The data was analyzed using the distribution method with the expansion technique. The theory used to analyze Japanese compounds' construction and meaning is the morphology theory by Kageyama (2016) and Katamba (2018). Based on the results, 120 Japanese compound words are formed by the lexeme ‘mouth’. There are three forms of compounds based on various word classes including compound nouns (consisting of noun + noun, adjective + noun, and verb + noun), compound adjectives (noun + adjective), and compound verbs (noun + verb). Based on its meaning, it can be classified into two categories: endocentric and exocentric meaning. By offering a thorough analysis of Japanese compound words containing the lexeme kuchi ‘mouth’, this study provides insights into Japanese morphosemantics by highlighting a single lexeme adopted within the compound, especially in terms of forms and meanings of compound words. This study also contributes to morphological theory application within Japanese studies and can be used for further similar research.
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