Decoding Entrepreneurial Intentions Among University Students in the Digital Age: A Machine Learning Approach to Leadership and Attributes
Keywords:
Entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial intention, machine learning, decision tree algorithmAbstract
Leadership and personal attributes have significant roles in leading a successful business organization. Meanwhile, how the pattern of leadership and personal attributes contribute to entrepreneurial intention is a new perspective in leadership and entrepreneurship research. To fill the gap and explore the pattern, this research examines the role of leadership and personal attributes in shaping entrepreneurial intention. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining exploratory analysis and machine learning techniques. Data were collected from 127 entrepreneurial students in West Java, Indonesia. The data were collected using a web-based questionnaire consisting of 38 indicators that reflect the 5 variables (motivation, expectation, risk resistance, negative attitudes, and leadership). The collected data were proceeded using exploratory factor analysis to test the reliability of each indicator and analyzed using a decision tree model to identify critical factors influencing entrepreneurial intention. The research findings reveal that negative attitudes are crucial in determining entrepreneurial intention, followed by motivation and leadership. The study explains how these attributes interact to influence entrepreneurial decisions. This study gives insight into improving the effective development program that fosters the key attributes by reducing negative attitudes. This research contributes to the broader field of leadership and entrepreneurship, offering an understanding of the role of personal attributes and leadership in driving entrepreneurial action.
References
Akbari, M., Bagheri, A., Imani, S., & Asadnezhad, M. (2021). Does entrepreneurial leadership encourage innovation work behavior? The mediating role of creative self-efficacy and support for innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2019-0283/FULL/PDF
Arieli, S., Sagiv, L., & Roccas, S. (2020). Values at Work: The Impact of Personal Values in Organisations. Applied Psychology, 69(2), 230–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/APPS.12181
Ayeni, F. A., Biagi, E., Rampelli, S., Fiori, J., Soverini, M., Audu, H. J., Cristino, S., Caporali, L., Schnorr, S. L., Carelli, V., Brigidi, P., Candela, M., & Turroni, S. (2018). Infant and Adult Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Rural Bassa and Urban Settlers From Nigeria. Cell Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.018
Bass, B. L. (2019). What Is Leadership? 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19854-1_1
Benmira, S., & Agboola, M. (2021). Evolution of leadership theory. BMJ Leader, 5(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/LEADER-2020-000296
Bueckmann-Diegoli, R., García de los Salmones Sánchez, M. M., & San Martín Gutiérrez, H. (2021). The development of entrepreneurial alertness in undergraduate students. Education and Training, 63(7–8), 1015–1026. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2019-0042
Campbell, W. L., Lewenstein, A., Kling, R., & Gaes, G. G. (2019). Neighborhood Prison Admission Rates and the Sunbelt: Variation in Imprisonment, Concentrated Disadvantage, and Their Relationship Across the United States. Crime & Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128719847449
Chandler, J. A., Petrenko, O. V., Hayes, N., Blake, A. B., & Aime, F. (2023). Do the personal attributes of CEOs matter in the IPO pricing process? An examination of charisma and humility. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 17(2), 266–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/SEJ.1451
Charbuty, B., Jijo, B. T., & Abdulazeez, A. M. (2021). Classification Based on Decision Tree Algorithm for Machine Learning. Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends, 2(01), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt20165
Chen, W., Zhang, S., Li, R., & Shahabi, H. (2018). Performance evaluation of the GIS-based data mining techniques of best-first decision tree, random forest, and naïve Bayes tree for landslide susceptibility modeling. Science of the Total Environment, 644, 1006–1018.
Colovic, A. (2022). Leadership and business model innovation in late internationalizing SMEs. Long Range Planning, 55(1), 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LRP.2021.102083
Dinibutun, S. R. (2020). Leadership: A Comprehensive Review of Literature, Research and Theoretical Framework. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3521205
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/18479790211016273, 13. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Eze, N. M., Asogwa, O. C., & Eze, C. M. (2021). Principal Component Factor Analysis of Some Development Factors in Southern Nigeria and Its Extension to Regression Analysis. Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, 132–160. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamcs/2021/v36i330351
Ferreira-Neto, M. N., de Carvalho Castro, J. L., de Sousa-Filho, J. M., & de Souza Lessa, B. (2023). The role of self-efficacy, entrepreneurial passion, and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1134618. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2023.1134618/BIBTEX
Frosst, N., & Hinton, G. (2017). Distilling a neural network into a soft decision tree. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv, 1711.
Gardner, W. L., Karam, E. P., Alvesson, M., & Einola, K. (2021). Authentic leadership theory: The case for and against. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 101495. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LEAQUA.2021.101495
Ghorbani, A. (2023). A Review of Successful Construction Project Managers’ Competencies and Leadership Profile. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, 11(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.22075/JRCE.2022.24638.1560
Hensellek, S., Kleine-Stegemann, L., & Kollmann, T. (2023). Entrepreneurial leadership, strategic flexibility, and venture performance: Does founders’ span of control matter? Journal of Business Research, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113544
Hidayati, K., Budiyono, B., & Sugiman, S. (2018). Development and Validation of Student’s Responsibility Scale on Mathematics Learning Using Subject Scaling Model. International Journal of Instruction, 11(4), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11431a
Hoang, G., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du, T. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Vietnam: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning orientation. Education and Training, 63(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-05-2020-0142/FULL/XML
Hossain, M. U., Arefin, M. S., & Yukongdi, V. (2024). Personality Traits, Social Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Social Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of Gender. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2021.1936614
Islam, T., & Asad, M. (2021). Enhancing employees’ creativity through entrepreneurial leadership: can knowledge sharing and creative self-efficacy matter? VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-07-2021-0121
Jung, K. B., Kang, S. W., & Choi, S. B. (2020). Empowering Leadership, Risk-Taking Behavior, and Employees’ Commitment to Organizational Change: The Mediated Moderating Role of Task Complexity. Sustainability 2020, Vol. 12, Page 2340, 12(6), 2340. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12062340
Kafetzopoulos, D., & Gotzamani, K. (2021). EFFECT of LEADERSHIP on BMI and COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE of SMES. International Journal of Innovation Management, 25(9). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919621501012
Kim, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2020). Empowering leadership: leading people to be present through affective organizational commitment?*. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(16), 2017–2044. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1424017
Lips-Wiersma, M., Haar, J., & Wright, S. (2020). The Effect of Fairness, Responsible Leadership and Worthy Work on Multiple Dimensions of Meaningful Work. Journal of Business Ethics, 161(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10551-018-3967-2/METRICS
Madi Odeh, R. B. S., Obeidat, B. Y., Jaradat, M. O., Masa’deh, R., & Alshurideh, M. T. (2023). The transformational leadership role in achieving organizational resilience through adaptive cultures: the case of Dubai service sector. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 72(2), 440–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2021-0093/FULL/XML
Mali, P., Kuzmanovic, ;, Nikolic, ;, Mitic, ;, & Terek, E. (2019). MODEL OF LEADERSHIP AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG EMPLOYED PERSONS. Int j Simul Model, 18, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2507/IJSIMM18(3)471
Mehmood, M. S., Jian, Z., Akram, U., & Tariq, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership: the key to develop creativity in organizations. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 42(3), 434–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2020-0008/FULL/XML
Melnyk, B. M., Hsieh, A. P., & Mu, J. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the Organizational Culture and Readiness Scale for System‐Wide Integration of Evidence‐Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 19(5), 380–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12603
Miller, C. A., Guidry, J. P. D., Dahman, B., & Thomson, M. D. (2020). A Tale of Two Diverse Qualtrics Samples: Information for Online Survey Researchers. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0846
Muralidharan, E. (2019). Consequences of Cultural Leadership Styles for Social Entrepreneurship: A Theoretical Framework. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040965
Nguyen, P. V., Huynh, H. T. N., Lam, L. N. H., Le, T. B., & Nguyen, N. H. X. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurial leadership on SMEs’ performance: the mediating effects of organizational factors. Heliyon, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2021.E07326/ASSET/172D63EF-BDA0-42D4-9DB9-9AF330E949A5/MAIN.ASSETS/GR2.JPG
Nunfam, V. F., Asitik, A. J., & Afrifa-Yamoah, E. (2022). Personality, Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention Among Ghanaian Students. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420961040
Priyanka, & Kumar, D. (2020). Decision tree classifier: A detailed survey. International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences, 12(3), 246–269. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIDS.2020.108141
Quantz, R., Cambron-McCabe, N., Dantley, M., & Hachem, A. H. (2017). Culture-based leadership. In International Journal of Leadership in Education (Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 376–392). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2015.1099741
Rosique-Blasco, M., Madrid-Guijarro, A., & García-Pérez-de-Lema, D. (2018). The effects of personal abilities and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(4), 1025–1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0469-0
Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal Values Across Cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73(Volume 73, 2022), 517–546. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-PSYCH-020821-125100/CITE/REFWORKS
Sánchez, A. C. (2021). Personal values as predictors of entrepreneurial intentions of university students. Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business, 6(2), 180–208. https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2021.2.j096
Sandybayev, A. (2019). Impact of Effective Entreprenerial Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: Critical Review. In International Journal of Economics and Management (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
Sanfilippo, F., Pomeroy, C., & Bailey, D. N. (2023). Leadership Attributes. Lead, Inspire, Thrive, 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41177-9_33
Schiuma, G., Schettini, E., Santarsiero, F., & Carlucci, D. (2022). The transformative leadership compass: six competencies for digital transformation entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 28(5), 1273–1291. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2021-0087/FULL/PDF
Shrestha, N. (2021). Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9(1), 4–11.
Son, T. T., Phong, L. B., & Loan, B. T. T. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Knowledge Sharing: Determinants of Firm’s Operational and Financial Performance. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020927426/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_2158244020927426-FIG2.JPEG
Steffens, N. K., Wolyniec, N., Okimoto, T. G., Mols, F., Haslam, S. A., & Kay, A. A. (2021). Knowing me, knowing us: Personal and collective self-awareness enhances authentic leadership and leader endorsement. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 101498. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LEAQUA.2021.101498
Sujana, A., Komariah, A., Kurniady, D. A., & Rahmawati, I. (2022). The Contribution Of Change Leadership On Entrepreneurial Intention Of Students. Journal of Positive School Psychology , 6(8), 3997–4008. https://mail.journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/10536
Suswati, E. (2023). Distribution Performance of Practice Midwives Through Entrepreneurial Leadership, Motivation, Organizational Learning and Commitment. Journal of Distribution Science, 21(2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.21.02.202302.91
Taha Jijo, B., & Mohsin Abdulazeez, A. (2021). Classification Based on Decision Tree Algorithm for Machine Learning. Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends, 2(01), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.38094/JASTT20165
Verma, P., & Kumar, V. (2022). Developing leadership styles and green entrepreneurial orientation to measure organization growth: a study on Indian green organizations. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(6), 1299–1324. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-01-2021-0035
Walk, M. (2023). Leaders as change executors: The impact of leader attitudes to change and change-specific support on followers. European Management Journal, 41(1), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EMJ.2022.01.002
Williamson, H. C. (2023). Innovative Strategies for Increasing Sample Size and Diversity in Family Science Research. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/24dcf
Wu, T., Chen, B., Shao, Y., & Lu, H. (2021). Enable digital transformation: entrepreneurial leadership, ambidextrous learning and organisational performance. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 33(12), 1389–1403. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1876220
Yusof, Z. M., Ayob, M. R. A., Amran, A. S., & Norizan, F. H. (2020). Factors That Influence the Quality of Life Among Undergraduate School of Quantitative Sciences (SQS) Students in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (Mjssh), 5(9), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i9.475
Zhao, C., Tian, G., Wen, Z., & Gao, X. (2021). Charismatic leadership and millennial employee innovation performance relationship mediated by employees’ leadership, professional, and organizational identification. Social Behavior and Personality, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.2224/SBP.9643
Zhou, C., Fang, X., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2022). The Influence Mechanism of Household Waste Separation Behavior Among College Students in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 24(2), 784–800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01363-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mulyani Karmagatri, Isma Addi Jumri, Widodo Samyono, Achmad Syamil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License - Share Alike that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
USER RIGHTS
All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC BY-SA)
