The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre): Examining Gender-Based Approach in the 2018 Lombok Earthquake

Authors

  • Mala Mardialina
  • Syaiful Anam universitas mataram
  • Lalu Puttrawandi Karjaya
  • Alfian Hidayat Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Baiq Ulfa Septi Lestari Universitas Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v12i2.11367

Keywords:

AHA Centre, Lombok Earthquake, Gender Sensitivity, Gender Mainstreaming

Abstract

This research aimed to examine the role played by The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) as the disaster coordination agency in the ASEAN region in addressing gender-based approach in Lombok earthquake disasters in 2018. The research utilized a qualitative descriptive research design. The findings indicate that the activities of the AHA Centre following the Lombok earthquake were predominantly focused on emergency response efforts and lacked significant involvement in gender-sensitive initiatives, ultimately yielding a dual impact on women. Through this research, it was ascertained that the suboptimal integration of gender perspectives in disaster management exacerbates the societal marginalization of women. The absence of gender-informed disaster management is evidenced by non-gender-disaggregated victim data, logistic aid provision overlooking gender-specific needs, as well as mitigation efforts and information dissemination disregarding gender dynamics. Thus, it emphasizes the lingering absence of a gender-responsive disaster management framework. This raises questions considering that ASEAN, including the AHA Centre, has already implemented a responsive gender declaration in 2015, whereas the AHA Centre has yet to demonstrate the establishment and implementation of a gender-based framework, due to inconsistencies in motivations towards universal norms. This study suggests that a masculine approach to disaster management hinders gender-sensitive disaster response efforts. It employs the concepts of gender mainstreaming and gender sensitivity to examine both the AHA Centre's disaster response efforts and the necessary steps to implement gender-sensitive disaster management. This research constructs the notion that disaster management efforts conducted without gender sensitivity, regardless of their quality, will not be optimal or effective.

Dimensions

Plum Analytics

References

AHA Centre. (2018a). Earthquake in Lombok Indonesia. https://ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/AHA-Situation_Update_no_7_M-7.0-Lombok-Earthquake.pdf

AHA Centre. (2018b). Situation update No. 8: The 2018 Lombok earthquake, Indonesia. https://ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/AHA-Situation_Update_no_8_M-7.0-Lombok-Earthquake-final.pdf

AHA Centre. (2019, November 7). ASEAN strategic policy dialogue on disaster management 2019: Building ASEAN’s resiliency to disasters. https://thecolumn.ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-54-asean-strategic-policy-dialogue-on-disaster-management-spddm-2019-building-aseans-resiliency-to-disasters/

Annur, C. M. (2023, January 31). Jumlah penduduk di negara Asia Tenggara. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/01/31/indonesia-mendominasi-jumlah-penduduk-di-asia-tenggara-berapa-besarnya

Ariany, D. M. (2019, May 6). Kasus pernikahan dini di Mataram meningkat. Suara NTB. https://www.suarantb.com/2019/05/06/kasus-pernikahan-dini-di-mataram-meningkat/

Ariyabandu, M. M. (2009). Sex, gender and gender relations in disasters. In E. Enarson & P. G. D. Chakrabarti (Eds.), Women, Gender and Disaster: Global Issues and Initiatives (pp. 5-17). SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9788132108078

ASEAN. (2021). ASEAN gender mainstreaming strategic framework 2021–2025. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ASEAN-Gender-Mainstreaming-Strategic-Framework-endorsed-by-AMMW.pdf

Ashraf, M. A., & Azad, M. A. K. (2015). Gender issues in disaster: Understanding the relationships of vulnerability, preparedness and capacity. Environment and Ecology Research, 3(5), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2015.030504

Asri, D., Adnan, M., & Erowati, D. (2022). Implementasi program pemberdayaan perempuan di kota Bekasi tahun 2020. Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 12(1), 327–339.

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). (2014). Peraturan badan nasional penanggulangan bencana nomor 13 tahun 2014. https://bnpb.go.id/storage/app/media/uploads/regulation/1083/Perka No 13 Tahun 2014.pdf

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). (2018). Pembelajaran penanganan darurat bencana gempa bumi Lombok. https://perpustakaan.bnpb.go.id/bulian/index.php?p=fstream-pdf&fid=158&bid=1824

Bakti, H. K., & Nurmandi, A. (2020). Pemulihan pasca bencana gempa bumi di Lombok Utara pada tahun 2018. Jurnal Geografi, 12(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750

Beyen, M. (2020). Discourse of sovereignity as an obstacle to women’s suffarage? An essay in comparative history. In A. Gilleir & A. Defurne (Eds.), Strategic imaginations: women and the gender of sovereignty in European culture. Leuven University Press.

BPS NTB. (2017). Persentase buta huruf penduduk usia 15 tahun ke atas menurut kabupaten, kota dan jenis kelamin 2017. https://ntb.bps.go.id/indicator/12/290/1/persentase-buta-huruf-penduduk-usia-15-tahun-keatas-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-jenis-kelamin.html

Badan Pusat Statistik NTB (BPS NTB). (2018). Pembangunan manusia (IPM) menurut kabupaten/kota dan jenis kelamin 2016-2018. https://ntb.bps.go.id/indicator/40/312/2/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-ipm-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-jenis-kelamin.html

Badan Perencana Pembangunan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Wilayah (Bappeda). 2018). Strategi penanggulangan kemiskinan daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat tahun 2018-2023. https://data.ntbprov.go.id/sites/default/files/Dokumen%20SPKD%20NTB%20Th.%202018-2023%20.pdf

Badan Pusat Statistik NTB (BPS NTB). (2021). Statistik pendidikan provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. https://www.lpwntb.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Statistik-Pendidikan-Provinsi-Nusa-Tenggara-Barat-2021.pdf

Cahaya Inklusi Indonesia. (2021). Peningkatan partisipasi perempuan disabilitas dalam pengurangan resiko bencana. https://cahayainklusi.id/2021/10/18/peningkatan-partisipasi-perempuan-disabilitas-dalam-pengurangan-risiko-bencana/

Davies, M. (2016). Women and development: Explaining ASEAN’s failure to engage with the women, peace and security agenda. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 38(1), 106–127.

Dewi, K. U., Fathana, H., & Rohma, M. N. (2023). Me Too as transnational advocacy networks: The case of anti sexual violance movement in Indonesia. Journal of Asean Studies, 11(2), 467–488. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v11i2.8858

Enarson, E., Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. (2017). Gender and disaster: Foundation and new directions for research and practice. In H. Rodríguez, W. Donner, & J. Trainor (Eds.), Handbook of disaster research. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_11

Few, R., Marsh, H., Jain, G., Singh, C., & Tebboth, M. G. L. (2021). Representing recovery: How the construction and contestation of needs and priorities can shape long-term outcomes for disaster-affected People. Progress in Development Studies, 21(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993420980939

Giuseppe, T., Kundu, T., Klumpp, T., de Souza, R., Loh, X. H., & Goh, K. (2022). Beneficiary centric decision support framework for enhanced resource coordination in humanitarian logistics: A case study from Asean. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2022.102909

Goldin, J., Botha, C., Koatla, T., Anderson, K., Owen, G., & Lebese, A. (2019). Towards gender sensitive vulnerability assessment for climate change: Lambani, Limpopo Province South Africa, Human Geography, 12(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/194277861901200102

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed., pp. 191–215). Sage Publications.

Hartono, Y. (2021). Gender-based sustainable disaster response education to anticipate the problem of women’s vulnerability. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, 5(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v5i1.373

Heru, A. (2019). Peran AHA centre dalam penanggulangan bencana gempa bumi di Sulawesi Tengah tahun 2018. eJournal Hubungan Internasional Universitas Mulawarman, 7(4), 1517–1528.

Hidayati, I. (2018). Aspek gender dalam kesiapsiagaan bencana di Indonesia: Studi kasus gempa bumi di Bantul dan Lombok Utara. In A. W. Abdi, M. Desfandi, N. Zalmita, & M. H. Furqan (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional : Peran geografi dalam pengelolaan potensi sumberdaya lokal 26 September 2018 - Universitas Syiah Kuala (pp.249-256). Syiah Kuala University Press.

Hofman, J. (2001). Gender and sovereignity: Feminism, the state and international relation. Palgrave.

Huyen, A. (2020, December 3). ASEAN menjadi yang terdepan dalam masalah kesetaraan gender dan pemberdayaan perempuan. VOV. https://vovworld.vn/id-ID/rumah-asean/asean-menjadi-yang-terdepan-dalam-masalah-kesetaraan-gender-dan-pemberdayaan-perempuan-928313.vov

Indraswari, R. (2022). ASEAN centrality: Comparative case study of Indonesia leadership. Journal of ASEAN Studies, 10(1), 1–19. https:/doi.org/10.21512/jas.v10i1.7906

Kantola, J. (2007). The gendered reproduction of the state in international relations. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(2), 270–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00283.x

Kharisma, A. P. (2017). Upaya AHA centre (Asean Human Assitance) dalam penanggulangan bencana alam di Asia Tenggara. EJournal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 3(4), 1319–1321.

Komnas Perempuan. (2021). Catatan kekerasan terhadap perempuan 2020. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/uploadedFiles/1466.1614933645.pdf

Kuokkanen, R. (2019). Restructing relations: Indigenous self-determination governance and gender. Oxford University Press.

Martiani, D. (2011). Implementasi pengarusutamaan gender (PUG) sebagai strategi pencapaian kesetaraan gender (Studi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan Jawa Tengah). Aspirasi : Jurnal Masalah-masalah Sosial, 2(2)

Menteri Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia (Menteri PPPA). (2014). Peraturan menteri negara pemberdayaan perempuan dan perlindungan anak Republik Indonesia nomor 4 tahun 2014 tentang pedoman pengawasan pelaksanaan perencanaan penganggaran yang responsif gender untuk pemerintah daerah. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fjdih.kemenpppa.go.id%2Fperaturan%2FPermenpppa042014.pdf&psig=AOvVaw3qs8cjQyVXSN4e_xqH-Gz3&ust=1709730623908000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAgQrpoMahcKEwjg78GFmd2EAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBg

Moser, C. O. N. (1995). Gender planning and development: Theory, practice and training. Feminist Review, 49(5), 117–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/1395333

Murtakhamah, T. (2013). Pentingnya pengarusutamaan gender dalam program pengurangan Resiko Bencana. WELFARE: Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, 2(1), 37–54.

Mustika, B. F. D. S. (2022). Peran Islamic Relief Worldwide Indonesia dalam upaya Pemulihan Ekonomi Pasca Gempa Bumi di Pulau Lombok Tahun 2018. Unpublished Undergraduate Research Thesis. University of Mataram.

Nur, A. M. (2018, September 17). Tinggal di tenda ini ketakutan perempuan korban gempa Lombok. Tempo. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1127169/tinggal-di-tenda-ini-ketakutan-perempuan-korban-gempa-lombok

Nuriana, D., Rusyidi, B., & Fedryansyah, M. (2019). Mitigasi bencana berbasis sensitive gender. Share: Social Work Journal, 9(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v9i2.25562

Raya, U. R. (2021). Akses pendidikan dasar bagi semua anak Indonesia: Strategi tata kelola penanganan anak tidak sekolah di wilayah dukungan Kompak. https://sikompak.bappenas.go.id/pembelajaran/view/40/id/materi_belajar/Strategi Tata Kelola Penanganan Anak Tidak Sekolah di Wilayah Dukungan KOMPAK/download.pdf

Ronzoni, M. (2012). Two conceptions of state sovereignty and their implications for global institutional design. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 15(5), 573–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2012.727306

Saputra, E. H. (2018). Kemensos bantu korban gempa Lombok yang alami pelecehan seksual. Kumparan. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/kemensos-bantu-korban-gempa-lombok-yang-alami-pelecehan-seksual-1535183339610114957

Septanaya, I. D. M. F., & Fortuna, S. (2023). Gender mainstreaming efforts in disaster management plans: Case study West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 87, 103576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103576

Suzuki, S. (2021). Interfering via Asean? In the case of disaster management. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 40(3), 400–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810342110168

Taqiuddin, M., Mardialina, M., Munir, A. M., Rifai, R., Komalasari, M. A., Trisula, Y., Yohanes, S., & Putra, I. N. N. A. (2021). Community-based social services for livelihood recovery after disaster: Evidence from post earthquakes, Lombok, Indonesia. 2nd Annual Conference on Education and Social Science (ACCESS 2020), 556, 58–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210525.145

Triyana, H. J., Harjono, N. P., & McDermott, R. (2022). Implementing the ASEAN agreement on disaster management and emergency response for better coordination and simplification procedures. Jambe Law Journal, 5(2), 147–205. https://doi.org/10.22437/jlj.5.2.147-205

UNDP. (2018). Gender equality strategy 2018-2021. United Nation Development Programme. https://www.undp.org/publications/undp-gender-equality-strategy-2018-2021

Ushamah. (2018). Peran ASEAN human assistance centre (AHA Centre) dalam penanggulangan bencana gempa bumi Myanmar tahun 2012. eJournal Hubungan Internasional Universitas Mulawarman, 6(3), 1247–1258.

Velasco, J. C. (2023). Southeast Asian regionalism: An examination of the progress and priorities of ASEAN through its join communiqués. Journal of Asean Studies, 11(1), 245–265. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v11i2.9402

Wardah, F. (2018, August 8). BNPB: 21 desa di Lombok masih terisolir. VOA Indonesia. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/bnpb-21-desa-di-lombok-masih-terisolir/4518325.html

Wiasti, N. M. (2017). Mencermati permasalahan gender dan pengarusutamaan gender (PUG). Sunari Penjar: Journal of Antrophology, 1(1), 29–42.

Wicaksono, B. A. (2018, August 7). Fakta sejarah di balik gempa besar Lombok. Viva. https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1062304-fakta-sejarah-di-balik-gempa-besar-lombok

Zeeshan, A., Khan, M. B., & Hussain, S (2019). Promoting Gender Sensitivity: Disaster Risk Reduction in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 26(2), 31–44.

Downloads

Published

2024-10-04
Abstract 382  .
PDF downloaded 306  .