Simulating Free-Space Optical Communications to Support a Li-Fi Access Network in a Smart City Concept

Authors

  • Ucuk Darusalam Universitas Siber Asia and Universitas Nasional
  • Novi Dian Nathasia Universitas Siber Asia and Universitas Nasional
  • Muhammad Zarlis Bina Nusantara University
  • Purnomo Sidi Priambodo Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21512/commit.v18i1.10458

Keywords:

Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communications, Li-Fi Access Network, Smart City

Abstract

Smart city development has grown rapidly in the decades since 4G and 5G technologies have been released. Moreover, a highly reliable network is required to support the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile access within a city. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology can provide huge bitrate transmission and high-speed communications. In the research, a backbone based on Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication (FSO) is designed through simulation to provide a Li-Fi access network with a high capacity data rate. The originality of the proposed method is the implementation of double filtering techniques, which gives an advantage when forwarding the signal to a node and improves the quality of the signal received by the Li-Fi. The FSO as the Optical Relaying Network (ORN) is designed with a configuration of 12 channels of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) amplified by optical amplifiers in the transmitter and receiver. The signal output is filtered by a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and a Gaussian filter. In the simulation, the ORN has node spacing in the range of 500 m to 2,000 m. Then, the data transmission rate at 120 Gbps is provided by the implementation of DWDM channels to serve as an access network. From the simulation, the FSO backbone can optimally deliver highly reliable Li-Fi access networks. When the nodes are spaced in a 500–2,000 m range, the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance is produced at the order of 10−6.

Dimensions

Plum Analytics

Author Biographies

Ucuk Darusalam, Universitas Siber Asia and Universitas Nasional

Informatics Department, Faculty of Information Communications Technology, Universitas Nasional

Informatics Department, Universitas Siber Asia

Novi Dian Nathasia, Universitas Siber Asia and Universitas Nasional

Informatics Department, Universitas Siber Asia

Information System Department, Faculty of Information Communications Technology, Universitas Nasional

Muhammad Zarlis, Bina Nusantara University

Information Systems Management Department, BINUS Graduate Program – Master of Information Systems Management

Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Universitas Indonesia

Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering

References

H. H. Khan, M. N. Malik, R. Zafar, F. A. Goni, A. G. Chofreh, J. J. Klemeˇs, and Y. Alotaibi, “Challenges for sustainable smart city development: A conceptual framework,” Sustainable Development, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1507–1518, 2020.

Y. Lim, J. Edelenbos, and A. Gianoli, “Identifying the results of smart city development: Findings from systematic literature review,” Cities, vol. 95, 2019.

S. P. Caird and S. H. Hallett, “Towards evaluation design for smart city development,” Journal of Urban Design, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 188–209, 2019.

T. R. Bhattacharya, A. Bhattacharya, B. Mclellan, and T. Tezuka, “Sustainable smart city development framework for developing countries,” Urban Research & Practice, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 180–212, 2020.

M. Peris-Ortiz, D. R. Bennett, and D. P.-B. Y´abar, “Sustainable smart cities,” in Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2017.

G. Yadav, S. K. Mangla, S. Luthra, and D. P. Rai, “Developing a sustainable smart city framework for developing economies: An Indian context,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 47, 2019.

T. A. Oliveira, M. Oliver, and H. Ramalhinho, “Challenges for connecting citizens and smart cities: ICT, e-governance and blockchain,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1–21, 2020.

B. S. Sergi, A. Berezin, N. Gorodnova, and I. Andronova, “Smart cities and economic growth in Russia,” in Modeling economic growth in contemporary Russia. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019, pp. 249–272.

C. C. Okafor, C. O. Aigbavboa, O. I. Akinradewo, and W. D. Thwala, “The future of smart city: A review of the impending smart city technologies in the world,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1107, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2021, pp. 1–7.

W. Shuai, P. Maill´e, and A. Pelov, “Charging electric vehicles in the smart city: A survey of economy-driven approaches,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 2089–2106, 2016.

P. G. V. Naranjo, Z. Pooranian, M. Shojafar, M. Conti, and R. Buyya, “FOCAN: A Fogsupported smart city network architecture for management of applications in the Internet of Everything environments,” Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 132, pp. 274–283, 2019.

L. Guevara and F. Auat Cheein, “The role of 5G technologies: Challenges in smart cities and intelligent transportation systems,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 16, pp. 1–15, 2020.

F. Cirillo, D. G´omez, L. Diez, I. E. Maestro, T. B. J. Gilbert, and R. Akhavan, “Smart city IoT services creation through large-scale collaboration,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 5267–5275, 2020.

F. Al-Turjman, H. Zahmatkesh, and R. Shahroze, “An overview of security and privacy in smart cities’ IoT communications,” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 1–19, 2022.

I. Doli´nska, M. Jakubowski, and A. Masiukiewicz, “Interference comparison inWi-Fi 2.4 Ghz and 5 Ghz bands,” in 2017 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT). Zilina, Slovakia: IEEE, July 5–7, 2017, pp. 106–112.

A. S. Haron, Z. Mansor, I. Ahmad, and S. M. M. Maharum, “The performance of 2.4 GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi router placement for signal strength optimization using Altair WinProp,” in 2021 IEEE 7th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA). Bandung, Indonesia: IEEE, Aug. 23–25, 2021, pp. 25–29.

R. Badeel, S. K. Subramaniam, Z. M. Hanapi, and A. Muhammed, “A review on LiFi network research: Open issues, applications and future directions,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 23, pp. 1–35, 2021.

X. Wu, M. D. Soltani, L. Zhou, M. Safari, and H. Haas, “Hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks: A survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 1398–1420, 2021.

M. Asif, T. A. Khan, N. Taleb, R. A. Said, S. Y. Siddiqui, and G. Batool, “A proposed architecture for traffic monitoring & control system via LiFi technology in smart homes,” in 2022 International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS). Dubai, United Arab Emirates: IEEE, Feb. 16–17, 2022, pp. 1–3.

S. M. Kouhini, C. Kottke, Z. Ma, R. Freund, V. Jungnickel, M. M¨uller, D. Behnke, M. M. Vazquez, and J. P. M. G. Linnartz, “LiFi positioning for Industry 4.0,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1–15, 2021.

S. A. Al-Gailani, M. F. M. Salleh, A. A. Salem, R. Q. Shaddad, U. U. Sheikh, N. A. Algeelani, and T. A. Almohamad, “A survey of Free Space Optics (FSO) communication systems, links, and networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 7353–7373, 2020.

S. Shah, M. Siddharth, N. Vishwakarma, R. Swaminathan, and A. S. Madhukumar, “Adaptive-combining-based hybrid FSO/RF satellite communication with and without HAPS,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 81 492–81 511, 2021.

A. A. B. Raj, P. Krishnan, U. Darusalam, G. Kaddoum, Z. Ghassemlooy, M. M. Abadi, A. K. Majumdar, and M. Ijaz, “A review–unguided optical communications: Developments, technology evolution, and challenges,” Electronics, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1–97, 2023.

U. Darusalam, F. Y. Zulkifli, P. S. Priambodo, and E. T. Rahardjo, “Hybrid optical communications for supporting the Palapa Ring network,” Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1055–1066, 2020.

O. Faruq, K. R. S. Rahman, N. Jahan, S. Rokoni, and M. Rabeya, “Li-Fi technology-based longrange FSO data transmit system evaluation,” Sustainable Engineering and Innovation, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 85–98, 2023.

S. H. Alnajjar and B. K. ALfaris, “OCDMA performance on FSO turbulent weather channel on Li-Fi systems,” Al-Iraqia Journal for Scientific Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–8, 2022.

M. J. Mohsin and I. A. Murdas, “Performance analysis of an outdoor Li-Fi system-based AOOFDM architecture under different FSO turbulence and weather conditions,” Optik, vol. 273, 2023.

S. Liverman, Q. Wang, Y. J. Chu, A. Borah, S. Wang, A. Natarajan, A. X. Wang, and T. Nguyen, “WiFO: A hybrid communication network based on integrated free-space optical and WiFi femtocells,” Computer Communications, vol. 132, pp. 74–83, 2018.

A. Jahid, M. H. Alsharif, and T. J. Hall, “A contemporary survey on free space optical communication: Potentials, technical challenges, recent advances and research direction,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 200, 2022.

S. Alfattani, “Review of LiFi technology and its future applications,” Journal of Optical Communications, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 121–132, 2021.

U. Darusalam, A. B. Raj, F. Y. Zulkifli, P. S. Priambodo, and E. T. Rahardjo, “Performance of free-space optical communication systems using optical amplifiers under amplify-forward and amplify-received configurations,” Makara Journal of Technology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 117–124, 2020.

U. Darusalam, F. Y. Zulkifli, P. S. Priambodo, and E. T. Rahardjo, “Full-duplex of optical relaying network in FSO communications to provide broadband Internet connection in rural area,” in 2019 IEEE R10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC)(47129). Depok, Indonesia: IEEE, Nov. 12–14, 2019, pp. 71–75.

P. Ariyanto, A. Iskandar, and U. Darusalam, “Rancang bangun Internet of Things (IoT) pengaturan kelembaban tanah untuk tanaman berbasis mikrokontroler,” Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 112–118, 2021.

U. Darusalam, A. B. Raj, F. Y. Zulkifli, P. S. Priambodo, and E. T. Rahardjo, “The relaying network in free-space optical communications using optical amplifiers in cascaded configuration,” Makara Journal of Technology, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 58–67, 2023.

U. Darusalam, P. S. Priambodo, and E. T. Rahardjo, “Noise filtering in the output of photodetector to enhance the performance of optical relaying networks on FSO communications,” in 2021 17th International Conference on Quality in Research (QIR): International Symposium on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Depok, Indonesia: IEEE, Oct. 13–15, 2021, pp. 98–103.

——, “Optical spatial filter to suppress beam wander and spatial noise induced by atmospheric turbulence in free-space optical communications,” Advances in Optical Technologies, vol. 2015, pp. 1–6, 2015.

Y. S. Hussein and A. C. Annan, “Li-Fi technology: High data transmission securely,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1228, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2019, pp. 1–10.

W. S. Tsai, H. H. Lu, C. Y. Li, T. C. Lu, C. H. Liao, C. A. Chu, and P. C. Peng, “A 50 m/40 Gbps 680-nm VCSEL-based FSO communication,” in 2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC). Waikoloa, USA: IEEE, Oct. 2–6, 2016, pp. 39–40.

C. Y. Li, H. H. Lu, T. C. Lu, W. S. Tsai, B. R. Chen, C. A. Chu, C. J. Wu, and C. H. Liao, “A 100m/40Gbps 680-nm VCSEL-based LiFi transmission system,” in 2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). San Jose, USA: IEEE, June 5–10, 2016, pp. 1–2.

M. Sahu, K. V. Kiran, and S. K. Das, “FSO link performance analysis with different modulation techniques under atmospheric turbulence,” in 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). Coimbatore, India: IEEE, March 29–31, 2018, pp. 619–623.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-05
Abstract 438  .
PDF downloaded 293  .