Traffic Signs Comprehension among Motorcyclists: The Effect of Sign Type and Sign Familiarity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v13i1.7379Keywords:
sign comprehension, sign types, sign familiarity, traffic signs, young ridersAbstract
The research aimed to examine the effect of sign types and sign familiarity on traffic sign comprehension. A mixed factorial design experiment involved manipulating two sign types (symbols vs symbols and text) and two sign familiarity (familiar vs unfamiliar) of a traffic sign, with sign familiarity as a within-subject factor. Previous studies had found a relationship between the lack of traffic sign comprehension and accident likelihood. However, there was still a lack of research examining the sign characteristics that influence sign comprehension among motorcyclists. Participants were 86 young riders aged 18 to 25 who had a minimum of three years of riding experience in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) areas. Participants were given warning signs; then, sign comprehension was measured using sign comprehension time and sign comprehension level. The results show that there is a significant effect of sign familiarity and interaction between sign types and sign familiarity on sign comprehension time. On the other hand, sign types, sign familiarity, and interaction between sign types and sign familiarity have a significant effect on sign comprehension level. The implication of the research is that sign familiarity and sign type must be taken into consideration in designing effective traffic signs, especially warning signs, to facilitate riders in understanding traffic signs more quickly and accurately.
Plum Analytics
References
Admin Polri. (2021, 26 Mar). Polda Metro Jaya successfully reduces the number of traffic violation with the application of ETLE traffic ticket (Terapkan tilang ETLE, Polda Metro Jaya berhasil turunkan angka pelanggaran lalu lintas). Retrieved on April 25th 2021 from https://tribratanews.polri.go.id/read/6084/6/terapkan-tilang-etle-polda-metro-jaya-berhasil-turunkan-angka-pelanggaran-lalu-lintas-1616724221.
Ahmadi, M., Mortezapour, A., Kalteh, H. O., Emadi, A., Charati, J. Y., & Etemadinezhad, S. (2021). Comprehensibility of pharmaceutical pictograms: Effect of prospective-user factors and cognitive sign design features. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(2), 356-361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.025.
Akple, M. S., Sogbe, E., & Atombo, C. (2020). Evaluation of road traffic signs, markings and traffic rules compliance among drivers’ in Ghana. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8(4), 1295-1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2020.09.001.
Alhajyaseen, W., Ratrout, N., & Muley, D. (2018). Relationship between chauffeurs’ demographics, and knowledge of traffic signs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Procedia Computer Science, 130, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.009.
Al-Madani, H. (2000). Influence of drivers’ comprehension of posted signs on their safety related characteristics. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 32(4), 575-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(99)00084-6.
Babić, D., Dijanić, H., Jakob, L., Babić, D., & Garcia-Garzon, E. (2020). Driver eye movements in relation to unfamiliar traffic signs: An eye tracking study. Applied Ergonomics, 89, 103191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103191.
Bañares, J. R., Caballes, S. A., Serdan, M. J., Liggayu, A. T., & Bongo, M. F. (2018). A comprehension-based ergonomic redesign of Philippine road warning signs. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 65, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2018.01.011.
Ben-Bassat, T., & Shinar, D. (2015). Ergonomic guidelines for traffic sign design increase sign comprehension. Human Factors, 48(1), 182-195. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872006776412298.
Ben-Bassat, T., Shinar, D., Caird, J. K., Dewar, R. E., Lehtonen, E., Sinclair, M., Zakowska, L., Simmons, S., Liberman, G., & Pronin, M. (2021). Ergonomic design improves cross-cultural road sign comprehension. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 78, 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.01.015.
Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik). (2019). Statistik transportasi darat 2018. Retrieved from bps.go.id/publication/2019/11/27/7fdd3379108b4a60e046f4c8/statistik-transportasi-darat-2018.html.
Choocharukul, K., & Sriroongvikrai, K. (2017). Road safety awareness and comprehension of road signs from international tourist’s perspectives: A case study of Thailand. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 4518-4528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.348.
Cohen, J. (1969). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. New York: Academic Press.
Das, S., Mousavi, S. M., & Shirinzad, M. (2021). Pattern recognition in speeding related motorcycle crashes. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2021.1877228.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146.
Fernandez, J. J., Paringit, M. C., Salvador, J. R., Lucero, P. I., & Galupino, J. G. (2020). Understanding of traffic signs by drivers in the city of Manila, Philippines. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 3037-3048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.183.
Goh, W. C., Leong, L. V., & Cheah, R. J. X. (2020). Assessing significant factors affecting risky riding behaviors of motorcyclists. Applied Sciences, 10(18), 6608. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186608.
Hassanzadeh, K., Salarilak, S., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., & Golestani, M. (2020). Motorcyclist risky riding behaviors and its predictors in an Iranian population. Journal Injury & Violence, 12(2), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v12i2.936.
Heriyawati, D. F., Saukah, A., & Widiati, U. (2018). Working memory capacity, content familiarity, and university EFL students’ reading comprehension. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11458.
Hou, G., & Yang, J. (2020). Measuring and examining traffic sign comprehension with event-related potentials. Cognition, Technology & Work, 23, 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-020-00632-1.
Hou, Y., Yang, W., & Sun, Y. (2017). Do pictures help? The effects of pictures and food names on menu evaluations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 60, 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHM.2016.10.008.
Ishartomo, F., Suhardi, B., & Rohani, J. M. (2020). Ergonomic principles in traffic signs comprehension: A literature review. AIP Conference Proceedings 2217(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000701.
Jamson, S., & Mrozek, M. (2017). Is three the magic number? The role of ergonomic principles in cross country comprehension of road traffic signs. Ergonomics, 60(7), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1245874.
Jemadu, L, & Krisnamusi, I. A., (2017). Remaja paling banyak terlibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Retrieved on May 23rd, 2021 from https://www.suara.com/otomotif/2017/10/04/181547/remaja-paling-banyak-terlibat-kecelakaan-lalu-lintas.
Jusuf, A., Nurprasetio, I. P., & Prihutama, A. (2017). Macro data analysis of traffic accidents in Indonesia. Journal of Engineering & Technological Sciences, 49(1), 132-143. https://dx.doi.org/10.5614%2Fj.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.1.8.
Kaplan, S., Bortei-Doku, S., & Prato, C. G. (2018). The relation between the perception of safe traffic and the comprehension of road signs in conditions of ambiguous and redundant information. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 55, 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.03.021.
Kitamura, Y., Hayashi, M., & Yagi, E. (2018). Traffic problems in Southeast Asia featuring the case of Cambodia's traffic accidents involving motorcycles. IATSS Research, 42(4), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2018.11.001.
Koyuncu, M., & Amado S. (2007). Effects of stimulus type, duration, and location on priming of road signs: Implications for driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic psychology and behaviour, 11(2), 108-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2007.08.005.
Liu, J., Wen, H., Zhu, D., & Kumfer, W. (2019). Investigation of the contributory factors to the guessability of traffic signs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010162.
Lokadata. (2019). Jumlah kecelakaan di Indonesia triwulan I dan II 2019. Retrieved on April 25th 2021 from https://lokadata.beritagar.id/chart/preview/jumlah-kecelakaan-di-indonesia-triwulan-i-dan-ii-2019-1564645899.
Marhaenjati, B. (2020). Pelanggaran tinggi, disiplin berlalu lintas pengendara sepeda motor rendah. Retrieved on April 27th 2021 from https://www.beritasatu.com/megapolitan/660087/pelanggaran-tinggi-disiplin-berlalu-lintas-pengendara-sepeda-motor-rendah.
Maulana, A. (2017). Arti warna rambu lalu lintas perlu disosialisasikan. Retrieved on March 23rd 2021 from https://otomania.gridoto.com/read/241178923/arti-warna-rambu-lalu-lintas-perlu-disosialisasikan.
Maulina, D., Danilasari, K. R., Nazhira, F., & Jufri, S. S. (2018). Why riders perform risky riding behavior in Jakarta: The effects of hazardous situations and gender on risk perception. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 1(1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v1i1.23.
McDougall, S. J. P., Curry, M. B., & Bruijn, O. (1999). Measuring symbol and icon characteristics: Norms for concreteness, complexity, meaningfulness, familiarity, and semantic distance for 239 symbols. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31(3), 487-519. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200730.
Metz, B., & Krüger, H. (2014). Do supplementary signs distract the driver? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 23, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.12.012.
Ng, A. W. Y., Chan, A. H. S. (2012). The effects of drivers factors and sign design features on the comprehensibility of traffic signs. Journal of Safety Research, 39(3), 321-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.031.
Ntim, S. (2017). Does text familiarity predict schema automation to reduce working memory capacity constraints for enhanced reading comprehension? A study from Ghana. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 6(2), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2017.1892.
Nugroho, S. A. (2017, 16 Sept). Jumlah pelanggar lalu lintas Agustus meningkat. Retrieved on April 24th, 2021 from https://otomania.gridoto.com/read/241181822/jumlah-pelanggar-lalu-lintas-agustus-meningkat.
Parwata. (2019, 5 Mar). Duh, Kecelakaan tertinggi menurut Polisi adalah karena hal sepele ini. Retrieved on June 6th 2021 from https://otomania.gridoto.com/read/241657219/duh-kecelakaan-tertinggi-menurut-polisi-karena-hal-sepele-ini.
Ramadhannisa, F., Audiania, S., Nandini, S., Pribadi, A., Hasyyati, B., & Cantika, A. (2016). The fellowship of capitalization, information length, and road sign comprehension. 2nd The Asia-Pacific Research in Social Science and Humanities Conference. Depok: Universitas Indonesia.
Rehman, A., & Ali, S. (2018). The understanding of traffic signs & symbols as nonverbal communication: A comparative study of drivers of Swat & Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Advanced Research Design, 45(1), 8-18.
Romero, D. L., de Barros, D. M., Belizario, G. O., Serafim, A. P. (2019) Personality traits and risky behavior among motorcyclists: An exploratory study. PLoS ONE, 14(12), e0225949. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225949.
Schulz, P., Labudda, K., Bertke, V., Bellgardt, S., Boedeker, S., Spannhorst, S., Kreisel, S. H., Driessen, M., Beblo, T., & Toepper, M. (2020). Age effects on traffic sign comprehension. IATSS research, 44(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2019.10.001.
Shinar, D., & Vogelzang, M. (2013). Comprehension of traffic signs with symbolic versus text displays. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 18, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2012.12.012.
Soimun, A., Leliana, A., Ulmi, E. I., Ziantono, D. H., & Widyastuti, H. (2020). Analisis pemahaman pelajar pada rambu lalu lintas. Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi dan Logistik, 1(2), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v1i2.13.
Stanojević, D., Stanojević, P., Jovanović, D., & Lipovac, K. (2020). Impact of riders’ lifestyle on their risky behavior and road traffic accident risk. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 12(3), 400-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2018.1490367.
Taamneh, M. (2018). Investigating the role of socio-economic factors in comprehension of traffic signs using decision tree algorithm. Journal of Safety Research, 66, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2018.06.002.
Taamneh, M., & Alkheder, S. (2018). Traffic sign perception among Jordanian drivers: An evaluation study. Transport Policy, 66, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.02.017.
The Ministry of Transportation. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia nomor PM 13 tahun 2014 tentang rambu lalu lintas. Retrieved on June 6th 2021 from hubdat.dephub.go.id.
Umar, I. K., & Bashir, S. (2019). Comprehension of road traffic signs by various road users in Kano city. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 40(1), 197-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.403516.
Van den Broek, G. S., Takashima, A., Segers, E., & Verhoeven, L. (2018). Contextual richness and word learning: Context enhances comprehension but retrieval enhances retention. Language Learning, 68(2), 546-585. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12285.
Ward, S. J., Wogalter, M. S., Mercer, A. W. (2004). Comprehension and training of international road signs. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 48(17), 2104-2108. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F154193120404801705.
Watkins, F., & Thompson, R. L. (2017). The relationship between sign production and sign comprehension: What handedness reveals. Cognition, 164, 144-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.019.
Wontorczyk, A., & Gaca, S. (2021). Study on the relationship between drivers’ personal characters and non-standard traffic signs comprehensibility. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2678. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph18052678.
Zhang, T., & Chan, A. (2013). Traffic sign comprehension: A review of influential factors and future directions for research. Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists (IMECS) 2013, 2, 1026-1030.
Zhao, F., & Mahrt, N. (2018). Influences of comics expertise and comics types in comics reading. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 5(2), 218-224.
Zheng, Y., Ma., Y., & Cheng, J. (2019). Effects of personality traits and socio cognitive determinants on risky riding behaviors among Chinese e-bikers. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(8), 838-843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1655144.
Zheng, C., Liu, Y., Ma, G., Deng, P., & Zhang, J. (2019). Research on relationship between risk perception and cycling crashes in electric cyclists. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 11(5), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1687814019851639.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Dewi Maulina, Elsa Andini, Diza Tanri, Noviopatra Kamsanih, Shabrina Mazaya, Tamara Zhafirah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License - Share Alike that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
USER RIGHTS
All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC BY-SA)
