Design and Performance Analysis of a Point-to-Point LoRa-Based Wearable Health Monitoring System in Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Indoor Environments

Rio Ardiansyah; Irwan Novianto; Gandeva Bayu Satrya

Authors

Rio Ardiansyah Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta
Irwan Novianto Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta
Gandeva Bayu Satrya U https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-9020

Keywords:

LoRa, Wearable health monitoring, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Delay, Data-transfer

Abstract

This research presents the design and performance evaluation of a Long Range (LoRa)-based wearable health monitoring system for real-time transmission of physiological data, namely heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body temperature. The system integrates a MAX30105 sensor with an ESP32-C3 microcontroller and an SX1276 LoRa module to enable lowpower, long-range communication for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications. Testing is conducted under Line of Sight (LOS) and indoor conditions to examine the effect of distance and propagation characteristics on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), transmission delay, and data transfer speed (bps). Pearson correlation, linear regression, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are applied to quantify distance-performance relationships and compare both environments. Results show that increasing distance degrades performance in a near-linear pattern, with decreasing RSSI and transfer speed and increasing delay. Stable communication is maintained up to 500 m under LOS, whereas indoor performance deteriorates earlier due to attenuation and multipath propagation. Although ANOVA indicates no statistically significant difference in the average performance of successfully received packets (p > 0.05), practical evaluation reveals that indoor environments impose a shorter effective range with higher packet loss. The novelty lies in implementing a compact point-to-point LoRa wearable platform based on ESP32-C3 and SX1276 for real physiological payload transmission, combined with statistical performance evaluation under practical LOS and indoor scenarios without relying on Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) infrastructure. These findings demonstrate that LoRa is a viable and energyefficient communication solution for wearable health monitoring, particularly in remote and infrastructurelimited IoMT applications.

Dimensions

Author Biographies

Rio Ardiansyah, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology

Irwan Novianto, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology

Gandeva Bayu Satrya, U

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