Representation of Gender Ideology in Indonesia Novels: A Study of The Reformation Era Novel

Yulianeta Yulianeta; Siti Chamamah Soeratno; Juliasih Kusharyanto

doi:10.21512/lc.v10i1.845

Authors

Yulianeta Yulianeta Indonesia University of Education, Bandung
Siti Chamamah Soeratno Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
Juliasih Kusharyanto Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v10i1.845

Keywords:

gender, gender ideology, reformation era, hegemony

Abstract

This research was based on a phenomenon that gender ideology practiced by a society might be reflected in the production of literary work. Thus, even though a novel is known as an imaginative work, its content and gender ideology could not be detached from social reality. The aims of this research were describing the role and gender identity, the types of gender ideology, and the gender relationship issues in the Indonesia novel written during reformation era. Gramsci’s theory of hegemony and gender perspective helped to describe the problems presented in this article. The formal object of this research was elaborating gender ideology presented in four novels written by Indonesian authors during reformation era, namely Saman by Ayu Utami, GeniJora by Abidah El Khalieqy, Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu, and Tanah Tabu by Anindita S. Tayf. The research method implemented was library research. This research showed the variety of ideologies that occupy literature as the site of struggle among ideologies. The results of the research are the four novels represent the patriarchal ideology, familialism ideology, ibuism ideology, and general gender ideology. The four gender ideologies create domestication of the position and the role of women. The existence and the organization of the gender ideology are supported by masculine hegemony in Indonesian culture.

Dimensions

Plum Analytics

Author Biographies

Yulianeta Yulianeta, Indonesia University of Education, Bandung

Faculty of Language Education and Literature

Siti Chamamah Soeratno, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta

Faculty of Cultural Studies

Juliasih Kusharyanto, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta

Faculty of Cultural Studies

References

Antonio, G. R. (2015). Archetypes of Women in Philippine Fictions. The 2nd International Conference on Language, Innovation, Culture, and Education (ICLICE), 27-28.

Ayu, D. M. (2005). Nayla. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Blackburn, S. (2004). Women and The State in Modern Indonesia. United Kingdom: The University Press of Cambridge.

Budianta, M. (1998). Sastra dan Ideologi Gender. Horisontahun XXXII, 4, 6-13.

Chamamah-Soeratno, S. (2001). Penelitian Sastra Tinjauan

tentang Teori dan Metode: Sebuah Pengantar dalam Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Hanindita Graha Widya.

Fakih, M. (2008). Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Fontana, B. (2000). Logos and Kratos: Gramsci and the Ancients on Hegemony Author(s). Journal of the History of Ideas, 61(2), 305-326.

Forgacs D., and Smith, G.N. (Ed). (2012). Selection from Cultural Writings Antonio Gramsci. Chicago: Haymarkets Books.

Foucault. M. (2000). Seks dan Kekuasaan. Translated by: Rahayu S. Hidayat. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Jurdi, F. (2008). Predator-Predator Pasca Orde Baru: Membongkar Aliansi Leviathan dan Kegagalan Demokrasi di Indonesia. Makassar: Pusat Kajian Politik, Demokrasi dan Perubahan Sosial.

Khalieqy, A. El. (2004). Geni Jora. Yogyakarta: Matahari.

Kroska, A. (2001). Do We Have Consensus? Examining The Relationship between Gender Ideology and Role Meanings. Social Psychology Quartely, 64(1), 18-40.

Marching, S. T. (2007). Descriptions of Female Sexuality

in Ayu Utami’s Saman. Journal of Southeast Asian

Studies, 38(1), 133-146.

Manuaba, I.B. P. (2015). Politik Identitas dalam Sastra Indonesia dalam Ni Made Diana E. (Ed). Ragam Wacana: Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Mosse, J. C. (2007). Gender dan Pembangunan. Translated by: Silawati. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar dan Rifka Annisa Women Crisis Centre.

Nair, R., & Rosli, T. (2013). A Critical Reading of Gender Construction in Malasyian Children Literature. English Today, 29(4), 37-44.

Pillai, S. (2011). Gender Representation in U.R. Anantha Murty’s Samskara. South Asia Research, 31(2), 135-153.

Saptari, R., & Holzner, B. (1997). Perempuan, Kerja, dan Perubahan Sosial: Sebuah Pengantar Studi Perempuan. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.

Simon, R. (2001). Gramsci Political Thought: An Introduction Antonio Gramsci. London: The Electric Book Company.

Simon, R. (2004). Gagasan-gagasan Politik Gramsci. Yogyakarta: Insist dan Pustaka Pelajar.

Suryakusuma, J. (1991). Seksualitas dalam Pengaturan Negara. Prisma, 7, 70-83.

Suryakusuma, J. (2007). Fragmentasi Konstruksi Gender dan Kebangsaan dalam Sastra Indonesia. Jurnal Susastra 4, 2(4).

Thayf, A. S. (2009). Tanah Tabu. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Udasmoro, W. (2009). Pengantar Gender dalam Sastra. Yogyakarta: UGM.

Utami, A. (2002). Saman. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.

Wiyatmi. (2010). Konstruksi Gender dalam Novel Geni Jora karya Abidah El-Khaleiqy. Jurnal Humaniora, 22(2), 196-206.

Yulianeta. (2008). Representasi Ideologi Gender dalam Wacana Novel Saman. In Sastriyani, Siti Hariti (eds), Gender and Politics (pp.469-492). Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Kajian Wanita UGM dan Tiara Wacana.

Yucel, D. (2012). Wives Employment and Marital Dissolution: Consideration of Gender Ideology and Marital Interaction. Sociology Mind, 2(2), 213-222.