Lingua Cultura

Expressive Speech Act of British and American Culinary Review: Cross-Cultural Pragmatics Study

Annisa Kharismi — 2024-03-28

The research was conducted to uncover how American and British high school students utilize expressive speech acts for each other’s culinary representation. It examined the linguistic and cultural manifestations in which reviewers communicated their personal opinions and attitudes toward food. This research applied a descriptive-qualitative approach using Searle’s theory of the illocutionary point of speech act, which comprised the pragmatical characteristics focusing on the spoken form expression from both cultures. The data was collected from two video blogs from a YouTube channel called ‘Jolly’, with the title “British high-school students try American biscuits and gravy for the first time” and “Americans eat British comfort food for the first time” by using listening and note-taking techniques on the expressive speech act that occurred from the transcript of the video blog. The results show that both American and British high school students have expressive speech acts of surprise, preference, and disbelief. Yet, the unique traits of both cultures can be noticed in the way Americans express disgust while the British express humor.

Critical Discourse Analysis on Representation of Arab Spring in the Movie Alephia 2053

Indah Rarasati — 2024-03-28

The research aimed to find out the representation of the Arab Spring and described the forms of social dimensions in the movie Alephia. Alephia 2053 was a movie that told the story of an Arab country in the future that still adhered to a monarchical system of government. The story in Alephia 2053 had similarities to events in Arab countries. The reality was the chaos that occurred in Arab countries a few years ago, known as the Arab Spring. This research was designed using the descriptive qualitative research method with Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis approach. The data analysis technique used was to analyze the data descriptively using Norman Fairclough’s perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis theory. The research finding reveals that the Arab Spring’s representation in the movie Alephia 2053 is in the form of a government coup and the democracy slogan action. The finding also indicates social dimensions as (a) in the text dimension, eleven words are fought for and contain forms of representation, relationships, and identity; (b) in discursive practice, three data contents support evidence of the ideological words; (c) in sociocultural practices, there are relations, social, and cultural processes in the form of information in the form of binary opposition between the regime, state officials and the people which describes three levels of sociocultural practices, namely situational, institutional, and social levels.

Revisiting Franco Moretti’s Concept and Practice of Literary Geography

Shuping Chen — 2024-03-28

The research talked about Franco Moretti, an influential Italian literary critic who had made significant contributions to the field of literary geography, a cross-disciplinary theory that utilized geographical methods to analyze and understand literary and cultural materials. Moretti’s approach to literary geography diverged from traditional and orthodox methods, offering a fresh perspective. This research applied a qualitative method with a close-reading approach to evaluate and explore Moretti’s conceptualization and implementation of literary geography through a systematic three-step research process. The first step involved identifying the intellectual and theoretical sources of inspiration that have influenced Moretti’s work. The second step focused on illuminating Moretti’s innovative understanding and interpretation of literary geography as well as his integration of literary maps into the analysis of literature. Lastly, the research investigated two case studies to further exemplify Moretti’s practices in the field of literary geography. The first case study regarded Jane Austen’s fiction, where Moretti’s approach unveils Austen’s geographical imagination of Britain in her novels. The second one centers on Mary Mitford’s ‘Our Village’, where Moretti discovered the circular narrative pattern. By undertaking these three comprehensive steps, this research offers valuable insights into literary geography’s conceptual and methodological dimensions. Additionally, it endeavors to cultivate a deeper appreciation for the interdisciplinary nature of literary geography, thereby inspiring scholars and researchers to delve further into the intersections between geography, literature, and culture.

Indonesians and Americans Bilingual Request Strategies in Indonesian and English

Imelda Wahyuni Husein — 2024-03-28

The research aimed to investigate the changes in the request strategies of Indonesians and Americans when they speak English and Indonesian. In cross-cultural communication, several things needed to be considered to avoid misunderstanding, such as the addressee’s knowledge, experience, culture, and value. Different kinds of request strategies in intercultural communication between Indonesians and Americans could lead to misunderstanding. This research used qualitative research involving five Indonesian and American speakers who speak English and Indonesian fluently. The data were collected through multiple resources such as the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) with certain situations, which was distributed to the participants, and observation and interview during the meeting with the participants. The findings show that Indonesians tend to be more direct when they make requests in Indonesian, while they change into indirect request strategies when making requests in English, while American participants tend to be indirect when making requests in English even though some of them are direct and changing into direct strategies when making a request in Indonesian. It also reveals that Indonesians tend to be more direct than Americans when they use their native language. It contradicts other studies that say Indonesians tend to use indirect requests, which also influences Americans in how they make requests in Indonesia. Therefore, it is suggested that intercultural knowledge is important in language learning to avoid misunderstanding due to the differences in norms, values, and beliefs.

Creating E-Comic to Motivate Students to Learning Mandarin

Yi Ying — 2024-06-06

The research discussed that digital comic books were a new learning method that could increase learning motivation in learning Mandarin. Illustrated learning media made it easier for students to understand learning material. Along with the times and technological advances, learning methods had also developed in various ways. The questions in this research were: (1) How was the application of e-comic in learning Mandarin?; (2) What did students think about learning with e-comic? This research used a qualitative method, and 40 students who studied Mandarin were the respondents. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that all respondents (40 people) agree that applying learning media using digital comic books can provide positive results in learning Mandarin. All respondents think learning through e-comic makes it easier to understand grammatical material and helps compose sentences to construct conversations. Learning with comic book media is considered very interesting. Even though the learning process using comic book media occurs online during the pandemic, learning with comic book media can create interactive learning. Students can become more creative and able to use various applications to make their own comics with the characters they choose. Learning with comic books can motivate students to learn Mandarin.

Audience Interpretation of the Film “Kamisama Wa Bali Ni Iru” Concerning Religiosity, Gender, and Economic Codes

Marisa Rianti Sutanto — 2024-06-21

The research aimed to interpret the film “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” according to the audience’s perception of whether the Bali expressed in the film reflects Balinese ethnic identity. “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” is a film by a Japanese director released in 2015 in the comedy-drama genre. The film was set almost entirely in Bali, which was the space where the events took place. Through a review of the narrative of “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” on the diegetic aspect, three things were dominantly reflected in the events of the film in the Balinese space, namely religiosity, gender, and the economy of society. By referring to the audience reception method, the audience who acted as the giver of meaning to the film text were nine young adults of Balinese ethnicity. Audience interpretation was understood through interviews, with questions set through the codes that appeared in the film’s scenes, namely the codes of religiosity, gender, and the economy of society. The interviews with the nine viewers were a reproduction of meaning into a new text, and the results of the viewers’ answers were categorized according to three positions: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. The results show that the film tends to cause misperceptions of Balinese ethnic identity according to the codes of religiosity and economy. However, the audience affirms the gender code in this film as a representation of Balinese society. The novelty of this research is that it proves that the movie “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” can be a medium to introduce Bali, although it needs to be supported by explanations to avoid misperceptions regarding codes of religiosity and economy.

Governance through Translation: Policies and Practices in Brunei Darussalam

Badriyah Yusof — 2024-06-26

The research investigated how translation functions as an object of governance in Brunei Darussalam, guided by the polysystem theory. Translation served as a critical component within the communication framework, affecting domains like education, economy, and information technology. Utilizing qualitative-descriptive methods, including experiential insights and observational data, the research explored how translation activities were regulated and integrated across government institutions to promote social cohesion, accessibility, and national development. In Brunei, translation was essential for ensuring effective communication in legal, health, and religious contexts. Key government entities, such as the Language and Literature Bureau and the Ministry of Religious Affairs, managed translation units to support these functions. The analysis underscored how translation aligned with the national objectives of Brunei Vision 2035, aiming at a high-quality education, improved quality of life, and a sustainable economy. Results reveal that effective translation practices foster social cohesion, equitable access to public services, and national development. Continuous assessment, technological advancements, and human resource development are crucial for maintaining and enhancing the effectiveness of translation as an object of governance. Brunei’s case sheds light on the transformative potential of translation as a powerful tool for governance and holistic development, fostering cultural preservation and inclusivity. This research significantly contributes to the broader discourse on how effective translation governance can facilitate sustainable national progress and cross-cultural understanding.

Metaphorical Representation in Social Criticism in Indonesian Comedy

Yohanes Redan Langoday — 2024-06-26

The research aimed to investigate the metaphorical representations employed by comedians in delivering social criticism through Indonesian stand-up comedy. Metaphors played a crucial role in shaping how to understand and interpret social reality. Through metaphors, speakers or writers could frame subjects or concepts in ways that influence the audience’s perceptions and attitudes, perpetuating certain ideologies and power structures. Stand-up comedy prioritized the individual performer’s voice, but its success relied on the ability to make people laugh by tapping into shared cultural ideologies and societal power dynamics. Abdur Arsyad is an example of an Indonesian comedian who presents stand-up material containing social criticism of various societal issues and ideological assumptions. This research analyzed Arsyad’s comedy through Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis model of description, interpretation, and explanation of text, discursive practice, and sociocultural practice. The descriptive dimension examined how Arsyad used language to construct representations of the world shaped by ideology. The interpretative dimension analyzed how his language perpetuated or challenged power relations and social hierarchies. The explanatory dimension focused on how Arsyad’s representations of social identities were informed by dominant ideologies. A qualitative methodology was used to obtain data from Arsyad’s performances on the KompasTV YouTube channel using documentation, library research, and note-taking techniques. The results reveal that Arsyad employs a range of metaphorical representations across Fairclough’s three textual values to critique and influence social norms and actions. Fairclough’s paradigm allows for a detailed examination of how comedy functions as social criticism, providing insights into the complex interplay between language, ideology, authority, and community.

Becoming French in School: Memories of School Life in Chemin D’école by Patrick Chamoiseau

Arifah Arum Candra Hayuningsih — 2024-07-24

The research explored the theme of ‘becoming French’ in the novel Chemin d'école by Patrick Chamoiseau. The novel offered a unique perspective on the complex issues of identity, language, and colonial legacy within the Caribbean educational context. The central focus of this research was to examine how the mission civilisatrice was implemented through the education system in the French colonies. The French mission civilisatrice aimed to ‘civilize’ the colonies, exerting influence over the lives of children within these territories. In this postcolonial narrative, Chamoiseau challenged the erasure of Creole culture and identity as children were molded into the French mold. His work underscored the tension between the native language and the French language, serving as a commentary on linguistic and cultural colonialism. Incorporating Frantz Fanon’s theoretical framework from “Black Skin, White Masks”, the research illuminated colonialism’s psychological and cultural impacts, revealing the enduring consequences of internalized racism and the complexities of ‘becoming French’ in a postcolonial context. A qualitative research design utilizing literary analysis was employed, involving systematic reading and coding of Chamoiseau’s novel. The findings of this research suggest that through its portrayal of the education system, language erasure, and cultural identity, the novel offers a poignant and thought-provoking narrative that illuminates the process of ‘becoming French’ in a postcolonial context, providing insights into the challenges and complexities faced by individuals subjected to the mission of French civilization.

Language Attitudes and Practices in Multilingual Setting: Case Study of University Students in Bali

I Gde Agoes Caskara Surya Putra — 2024-08-09

The research aimed to investigate the language attitudes and practices of English Literature Study Program students in Bali towards Balinese, Indonesian, and English. Furthermore, this research also sought to determine whether the students’ attitudes affect their language practices daily. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, the present research used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to collect data from the 100 participants. Results from the collected data reveal that the participants have similarly positive attitudes towards Balinese, Indonesian, and English. However, their language practices differ significantly: they practice Indonesian positively, while practices for Balinese and English are negative. It highlights a complementary relationship between language attitude and practice for Indonesians but a contradictory relationship between Balinese and English. Notably, this research identifies a generational shift in the practice of Balinese and a potential replacement by English among the cohort in particular and the young generation in Bali generally. These findings underscore the urgency of promoting and preserving the practice of Balinese. This research contributes novel insights into the impact of English on the linguistic dynamics of youth in Bali, especially those who enroll in English Language Programs at universities in Denpasar.

Analysis of Speech Acts in the Closing Speech of the G20 Summit by President Joko Widodo “We Must End The War”

Chusni Hadiati — 2024-08-23

The research focused on examining the types of speech used in the president’s speech based on Searle’s speech act theory (1967), which classified utterances into five types: representatives, commissions, directives, expressive, and declarations. The research aimed to discover the types of speech acts that existed and elaborated them according to the national and international context. The G20 group consisted of 19 countries and Spain as a permanent guest with the largest economies in the world plus one intergovernmental and supranational organization, namely, the European Union. The research categorized the president’s utterances into five types of speech acts: representatives, expressives, declarations, directives, and commissives. Among the 49 utterances, representatives were the most prevalent, indicating the president’s intent to present factual statements in front of global leaders. The research highlighted the strategic use of plural subjects in directives to involve both the speaker and the audience in the commitment. Expressives were employed to convey gratitude and welcome world leaders, showcasing the president’s politeness and respect. Commissives reflected the president’s commitment to global issues such as peace, food sustainability, and economic recovery. The researchers collected the data through several steps. The first was transcribing the speech; afterward, the researchers picked and classified those utterances based on Searle’s classification of speech acts. The findings underscore the importance of context in understanding the meaning and intention behind political speeches at international forums like the G20 Summit.

Japanese Literature Students Perspective on Weeaboo Who has an Imaginary Couple Waifu/Husbando

Daniel Hermawan — 2024-08-27

The phenomenon of waifu/husbando, originating from Japanese pop culture, permeated society and became a compelling subject of interest. This research delved into the perspectives of people who had a relationship with fictional characters. Data collection for this research was done through interviews with eight students in Japanese Literature across Java Island. The research drew upon insights and data to unravel the societal perceptions surrounding waifu/husbando enthusiasts. The research used a qualitative approach, so the analysis produced descriptive data in the form of words. The findings of this research highlight a nuanced form of discrimination and labeling. Contrary to common assumptions, the prejudice faced by those with waifu/husbando connections is not rooted in a mere appreciation for fictional characters but extends to a broader bias against anime enthusiasts. Individuals who proudly profess their love for anime by adopting waifu/husbando are often stigmatized with the label of weeaboo, illustrating a broader societal bias against this subculture. The distinction between these two categories sheds light on the complex interplay of societal attitudes towards fantasy relationships rooted in different cultural realms. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics surrounding waifu/husbando culture and challenges prevailing stereotypes by emphasizing the role of broader societal biases against anime enthusiasts.

Persuasive Linguistic Strategies in Indonesian E-Commerce Campaigns for the 2021 Pandemic Marketing Framework

Putri Maharani — 2024-09-20

The research examined the use of persuasive linguistic strategies in the marketing campaigns of Indonesia’s top e-commerce platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. The research analyzed media coverage data collected manually over the year, focusing on Tokopedia, Shopee, Bukalapak, Lazada, and Blibli. Each platform utilized unique linguistic techniques to address consumer concerns and maintain trust amidst the crisis. Emotive appeals, such as language evoking safety and community, urgency through time-sensitive offers, and social proof showcasing widespread acceptance, were used to influence consumer behavior. The analysis reveals that Blibli emphasizes strategic partnerships and acquisitions, while Shopee employs aggressive promotional campaigns. Tokopedia highlights national pride and community support, Bukalapak focuses on government collaborations, and Lazada has limited promotional impact compared to its competitors. The research demonstrates that Lazada’s slower growth is tied to its underutilization of persuasive language, highlighting the importance of linguistic strategies in maintaining consumer trust and market visibility during crises. This research contributes to understanding how persuasive language can serve as a critical marketing strategy in times of uncertainty, with platforms like Shopee and Tokopedia successfully leveraging these techniques to engage consumers. Limitations include potential data incompleteness due to manual tracking methods, and future research is recommended to explore consumer responses to these advertising strategies.

Language Documentation Practices in Indonesia: A Critical Theory Perspective

Satwiko Budiono — 2024-10-02

The research examined the potential of language documentation practices in Indonesia. Using principles from critical theory, it argued that language documentation was different from language description, which was classified as monodisciplinary linguistics. Rather, language documentation had a broad scope of potential uses beyond descriptive linguistics. This was because language documentation could be linked to other linguistics fields such as sociolinguistics, oral tradition, oral history, and others. The core of language documentation was the natural language recordings that can be used in various fields, making language documentation part of interdisciplinary linguistics. Besides, multiple national and international institutions recognized its value. Meanwhile, language documentation in Indonesia was still closely linked to traditional descriptive or theoretical linguistics and was considered a data collection process rather than an independent field in linguistics. Furthermore, natural language recordings were still considered unscientific by the Indonesian academic community, especially in linguistics fields. This was because natural language recording could not be a final project for linguistics students or an output of linguistics research in Indonesia. Research output was still limited to products such as dictionaries, teaching materials, grammar, language maps, and so on. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection included close reading books, journals, and other relevant academic materials. Therefore, the research argues that natural language recordings should be considered a valid scientific activity as a final project for linguistics students or the output of linguistic research in Indonesia. Thus, the number of natural language recordings in Indonesia will increase in national and international repositories. In fact, this can contribute to linguistic research because many linguistics scholars can utilize these language documentation results.

English Language Teaching Materials and Religious Moderation in Indonesian Primary Schools: A Narrative Case Study

M. Ali Ghufron — 2024-10-17

The research addressed the gap in understanding how English Language Teaching (ELT) materials in Indonesian primary schools promoted religious moderation and fostered values such as tolerance and respect for diversity. Utilizing a narrative case study approach, it examined the role of ELT materials in advancing religious moderation. Through an analysis of ELT textbooks and supplementary resources, the research evaluated the representation of religious moderation themes and explored teachers’ perceptions and use of these materials in their classrooms. The research contributed to the broader discourse on education’s role in fostering peace and tolerance, providing insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum developers. Employing a qualitative narrative case study design, this research captured the experiences of English language teachers from three primary schools in diverse settings in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and classroom observations, with validation techniques such as triangulation and member checking ensuring credibility. Thematic analysis was used to systematically analyze the data. Findings reveal both the potential and limitations of ELT materials in promoting religious moderation. While textbooks feature characters from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds, they often lack explicit integration of religious moderation values, focusing more on language skills. Teachers address these gaps with supplementary strategies, including additional stories, activities, and discussions that emphasize religious diversity and interfaith tolerance. The research highlights the need for curriculum developers to prioritize religious moderation in educational materials and for policymakers to support professional development initiatives for teachers. Implementing these recommendations can better equip students with values essential for fostering a harmonious and inclusive society.