Br. Saragih, M.T. and Hartojo, N. 2026. Integrating Geospatial Big Data and Machine Learning for Village Level Rural Urban Classification: Evidence From Toba Regency. Engineering, MAthematics and Computer Science Journal (EMACS). 8, 1 (Jan. 2026), 27–36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21512/emacsjournal.v8i1.14159.